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Grandpa Hayden is to be blamed for the tragedies in the novel. It is my contention to illustrate that Grandpa Hayden’s patriarchal values, his racism towards Native Americans and his corruption and abuse of power are the causes of the tragedy. Grandpa Hayden and his character traits represent evilness. It is through grandpa Hayden that Montana 1948 shows how destructive a powerful father can be. Grandpa Hayden’s patriarchal values and his need to control his sons’ lives have led to the tragedies. During David’s visit to his grandparent’s range, he describes his grandmother as “a thin, nervous woman who seldom speaks when my grandfather was present. Pg76” This gives an indication of where women stand in the Hayden family and how much respect is paid to Julian. Grandpa Hayden is a patriarch and a dominating man, he has a lot of influence in the lives of Wes and Frank. Julian made Wes the